UJI PARAMETER SPESIFIK DAN NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL 96 % DAUN KENIKIR (Cosmos caudatus)

Daun kenikir digunakan secara tradisionalsebagai obat penurun suhu tubuh,
memperbaiki sirkulasi darah, mengobati diabetes,sebagai antiaging dan menjaga
kekuatan tulang (karena kandungan kalsiumnya), perawatan terhadap infeksi
mikroorganisme bersifat patogen dan menjaga sistem pernafasan. Saat ini daun
kenikir dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat tradisional sehingga penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil standarisasi spesifik dan non-spesifik dari
simplisia daun kenikir. Proses ekstraksi daun kenikir dilakukan dengan metode
maserasi dilanjutkan dengan proses pemekatan ekstrak. Parameter yang
ditetapkan dalam standarisasi ekstrak yaitu parameter spesifik meliputi identitas
ekstrak, organoleptis, kadar sari laut air, kadar sari larut etanol dan dilanjutkan
dengan skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total. Parameter non
spesifik meliputi kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tak larut asam. Hasil uji
parameter spesifik berupa ekstrak kental berwarna coklat kehitaman dengan bau
khas kenikir dan rasa sedikit pahit; hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun
kenikir mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, terpenoid, fenol dan saponin.
Hasil uji parameter non spesifik berupa penetapan kadar air yang diperoleh
sebesar 1,72% ± 0,13, kadar abu total sebesar 0,15% ± 0,05, kadar abu tidak
larut asam sebesar 0,07% ±0,02 dan kadar flavonoid total diperoleh sebesar
1,762% ± 1,055 % b/b. Hasil penetapan parameter spesifik sesuai dengan
persyaratan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia.
Kata kunci: kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), standarisasi, parameter spesifik dan
non spesifik.

Kenikir leaves are traditionally used as a body temperature-lowering drug,
improve blood circulation, treat diabetes, as an antiaging and maintain bone
strength (due to its calcium content), treatment of pathogenic microorganism
infections and maintain the respiratory system. Currently, kenikir leaves are used
as traditional medicine ingredients so this study aims to obtain specific and non�specific standardization profiles of kenikir leaf simplisia. The extraction process
of kenikir leaves is carried out by maceration method followed by the extract
concentration process. The parameters set in the extract standardization are
specific parameters including extract identity, organoleptis, water seafood
content, ethanol soluble juice content and continued with phytochemical
screening and determination of total flavonoid levels. Non-specific parameters
include moisture content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content. The test
results of specific parameters are a blackish-brown viscous extract with a
characteristic smell of kenikir and a slightly bitter taste; Phytochemical screening
results of ethanol extract of kenikir leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,
terpenoids, phenols and saponins. The results of non-specific parameter tests
were in the form of determination of water content obtained by 1.72% ± 0.13,
total ash content of 0.15% ± 0.05, acid insoluble ash content of 0.07% ±0.02 and
total flavonoid content obtained by 1.762% ± 1.055% b/b. The results of
determining specific parameters are in accordance with the requirements of the
Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
Keywords: kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), standardization, specific and non-specific
parameters.